Recursive / Nested Function Calls

Understanding rate limits when Edge Functions invoke each other

Edge Functions can call other Edge Functions using fetch(). This enables powerful patterns like function chaining, fan-out/fan-in workflows, and recursive processing. To protect platform stability and prevent runaway amplification, Supabase rate limits these internal function-to-function calls.

What gets rate limited#

Rate limiting applies to outbound fetch() calls made by your Edge Functions to other Edge Functions within your project. This includes:

• Direct recursion: A function calling itself
• Function chaining: Function A calling Function B
• Circular calls: Function A calling Function B, which calls Function A
• Fan-out patterns: A function calling multiple other functions concurrently

Rate limit budget#

Each request chain has a budget of at least 5,000 requests per minute. In busier regions, this budget may be higher. All function-to-function calls within the same request chain share this budget.

For example, if Function A calls Function B, and Function B calls Function C, all three calls count toward the same budget pool.

Handling rate limit errors#

When the rate limit is exceeded, calling another Edge Function throws a RateLimitError. This error includes a retryAfterMs property indicating how long to wait (in milliseconds) before retrying. You should catch this error and handle it gracefully:

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import { createClient } from 'jsr:@supabase/supabase-js@2'
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const SUPABASE_PUBLISHABLE_KEYS = JSON.parse(Deno.env.get('SUPABASE_PUBLISHABLE_KEYS')!)
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const supabase = createClient(
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  Deno.env.get('SUPABASE_URL')!,
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  // If you want to use a different api key, change 'default' to your preferred key name
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  SUPABASE_PUBLISHABLE_KEYS['default']
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)
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Deno.serve(async (req) => {
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  try {
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    const { data, error } = await supabase.functions.invoke('other-function', {
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      body: { foo: 'bar' },
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    })
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    if (error) throw error
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    return new Response(JSON.stringify(data), {
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      headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
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    })
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  } catch (err) {
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    if (err instanceof Deno.errors.RateLimitError) {
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      // Use retryAfterMs to tell the client when to retry
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      const retryAfterSeconds = Math.ceil(err.retryAfterMs / 1000)
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      return new Response(
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        JSON.stringify({ error: 'Service temporarily unavailable. Please retry later.' }),
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        {
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          status: 429,
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          headers: {
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            'Content-Type': 'application/json',
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            'Retry-After': retryAfterSeconds.toString(),
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          },
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        }
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      )
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    }
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    throw err
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  }
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})

You can also use retryAfterMs to implement automatic retries within your function:

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import { createClient } from 'jsr:@supabase/supabase-js@2'
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const SUPABASE_PUBLISHABLE_KEYS = JSON.parse(Deno.env.get('SUPABASE_PUBLISHABLE_KEYS')!)
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const supabase = createClient(
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  Deno.env.get('SUPABASE_URL')!,
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  // If you want to use a different api key, change 'default' to your preferred key name
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  SUPABASE_PUBLISHABLE_KEYS['default']
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)
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async function invokeWithRetry(functionName: string, payload: object, maxRetries = 3) {
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  for (let attempt = 0; attempt < maxRetries; attempt++) {
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    try {
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      const { data, error } = await supabase.functions.invoke(functionName, {
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        body: payload,
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      })
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      if (error) throw error
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      return data
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    } catch (err) {
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      if (err instanceof Deno.errors.RateLimitError && attempt < maxRetries - 1) {
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        // Wait for the recommended duration before retrying
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        await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, err.retryAfterMs))
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        continue
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      }
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      throw err
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    }
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  }
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}

Tips for avoiding rate limits#

1. Batch operations instead of individual calls#

Instead of calling a function once per item, batch multiple items into a single call:

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// ❌ Avoid: One call per item
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for (const item of items) {
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  await supabase.functions.invoke('process-item', { body: item })
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}
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// ✅ Better: Batch items into one call
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await supabase.functions.invoke('process-items', { body: { items } })

2. Limit recursion depth#

If your function is recursive, set a maximum depth to prevent unbounded call chains:

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Deno.serve(async (req) => {
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  const { depth = 0, data } = await req.json()
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  if (depth >= 5) {
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    // Stop recursion at max depth
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    return new Response(JSON.stringify({ result: data }))
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  }
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  // Process and recurse with incremented depth
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  const processed = processData(data)
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  const { data: result } = await supabase.functions.invoke('my-function', {
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    body: { depth: depth + 1, data: processed },
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  })
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  return new Response(JSON.stringify(result))
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})

3. Use queues for large workloads#

For processing large datasets, consider using Supabase Queues instead of recursive function calls. Queues handle backpressure automatically and are better suited for high-volume workloads.

4. Use shared libraries instead of separate functions#

Instead of creating separate Edge Functions that call each other, create a shared library of functions and import them directly. This avoids HTTP overhead and rate limits entirely:

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// supabase/functions/_shared/transform.ts
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export function validate(data: any) {
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  // validation logic
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}
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export function transform(data: any) {
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  // transformation logic
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}
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export async function save(data: any) {
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  // save logic
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}

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// supabase/functions/process-data/index.ts
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import { validate, transform, save } from '../_shared/transform.ts'
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Deno.serve(async (req) => {
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  const data = await req.json()
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  const validated = validate(data)
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  const transformed = transform(validated)
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  const result = await save(transformed)
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  return new Response(JSON.stringify(result))
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})

5. Add delays for non-urgent processing#

If immediate processing isn't required, add delays between calls to spread the load:

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async function processWithDelay(items: any[]) {
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  for (const item of items) {
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    await supabase.functions.invoke('process-item', { body: item })
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    await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 100)) // 100ms delay
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  }
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}

Common patterns and their impact#

Increasing rate limits#

Currently, all plans have the same rate limit budget. We are working on introducing custom limits for different use cases.

If you need a higher rate limit for your project, contact support with details about your use case.